Data conveyance and communication of three or more lvdc enabled devices

ABSTRACT

A communication system comprises three low voltage drive circuits operable for coupling to a wired bus, wherein a low voltage drive circuit of the three low voltage drive circuits includes a transmit section operably coupled to convert transmit digital data into an analog transmit signal that includes one or more transmit frequency components. The communication system further comprises a receive section operably coupled to convert an analog receive signal that includes one or more receive frequency components into received digital data. The communication system further comprises a drive sense circuit for coupling to the wired bus and after the three low voltage drive circuits are operably coupled to the wired bus, each of the three voltage drive circuits is configured for communication among the three low voltage drive circuits, for one-to-one communication, for one-to-many communication, and for many-to-one communication.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present U.S. Utility patent application claims priority pursuant to35 U.S.C. § 120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No.17/649,907, entitled “DATA CONVEYANCE AND COMMUNICATION FOR THREE ORMORE LVDC ENABLED DEVICES,” filed Feb. 3, 2022, which claims prioritypursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 120 as a continuation of U.S. Utilityapplication Ser. No. 17/520,447, entitled “MULTIPLE COMMUNICATIONCHANNEL ALLOCATION FOR LOW VOLTAGE DRIVE CIRCUITS,” filed Nov. 5, 2021,issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,580,045, on Feb. 14, 2023, which claimspriority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 120 as a continuation of U.S. Utilityapplication Ser. No. 17/093,101, entitled “CHANNEL ALLOCATION AMONG LOWVOLTAGE DRIVE CIRCUITS,” filed Nov. 9, 2020, issued as U.S. Pat. No.11,169,948, on Nov. 9, 2021, which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C.§ 120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 16/247,164,entitled “CHANNEL ALLOCATION AMONG LOW VOLTAGE DRIVE CIRCUITS,” filedJan. 14, 2019, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,831,690, on Nov. 10, 2020, allof which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entiretyand made part of the present U.S. Utility patent application for allpurposes.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable.

INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to data communication systems and moreparticularly to sending and receiving data via a common bus.

Description of Related Art

Data communication involves sending data from one device to anotherdevice via a communication medium (e.g., a wire, a trace, a twistedpair, a coaxial cable, air, etc.). The devices range from dies within anintegrated circuit (IC), to ICs on a printed circuit board (PCB), toPCBs within a computer, to computers, to networks of computers, and soon.

Data is communicated via a wired and/or a wireless connection and isdone so in accordance with a data communication protocol. Datacommunication protocols dictate how the data is to be formatted,encoded/decoded, transmitted, and received. For example, a wireless datacommunication protocol such as IEEE 802.11 dictates how wirelesscommunications are to be done via a wireless local area network. Asanother example, Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format (SPDIF) dictateshow digital audio signals are transmitted and received. As yet anotherexample, Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) is a two-wire serial protocol toconnect devices such as microcontrollers, digital to analog converters,analog to digital converters, peripheral devices to a computer, and soon.

In addition, data communication protocols dictate how transmissionerrors are to be handled. For example, wireless communications oftenexperience data errors, so the protocol dictates a form of forward errorcorrection (e.g., Reed Solomon encoding, Turbo encoded, etc.) be used.As another example, wired communications experience much less dataerrors than wireless communications so the protocol dictates a form offeedback error correction (e.g., resend request, etc.) be used.

For some data communications, digital data is modulated with an analogcarrier signal and transmitted/received via a modulated radio frequency(RF) signal. For other data communications, the digital data istransmitted “as is” via a wire or metal trace on a PCB. Regardless ofthe data communication protocol, digital data is in binary form where alogic “1” value is represented by a voltage that is at least 90% of thepositive rail voltage and a logic “0” is represented by a voltage it isat most 10% of the negative rail voltage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a datacommunication system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a datacommunication system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a computingdevice in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a wirelesscomputing device in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a computing coreof a computing device in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a peripheral LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) module of a computing device coupled to aperipheral device in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a datacommunication system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a datacommunication system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of examples of digital data formats;

FIG. 10 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of a Low Voltage DriveCircuit (LVDC) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a Low VoltageDrive Circuit (LVDC) coupled to a host device in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a drive sensecircuit of a Low Voltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) coupled to a host devicein accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a drivesense circuit of a Low Voltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) coupled to a hostdevice in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) coupled to a host device in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) coupled to a host device in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a transmit sideof one LVDC and a receive side of another Low Voltage Drive Circuits(LVDC) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of one-to-onecommunications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on a singleline of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of one-to-onecommunications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on multiplelines of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 20 and 21 are a logic diagram of an example of a method forallocating channels for a one-to-one communication between Low VoltageDrive Circuits (LVDCs) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a logic diagram of an example of a method for utilizing achannel allocation table for communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a channelallocation table for supporting communications between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a logic diagram of an example of a method for obtaining morechannels to support a communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits(LVDCs) in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of one-to-manycommunications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on a singleline of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a one-to-manycommunication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on multiplelines of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aone-to-many communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) ona single line of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aone-to-many communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) ona single line of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aone-to-many communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) onmultiple lines of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manyone-to-many communications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) ona single line of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manyone-to-many communications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) onmultiple lines of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manybroadcast communications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on asingle line of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manybroadcast communications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) onmultiple lines of a bus in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a logic diagram of another example of a method allocatingchannels for a communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs)in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 35 is a logic diagram of another example of a method allocatingchannels for a communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs)in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 36 is a logic diagram of another example of a method allocatingchannels for a communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs)in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a datacommunication system 10 that includes a plurality of computing devices12, a plurality of wireless computing devices 14, one or more servers16, one or more databases 18, one or more networks 24, one or more basestations 20, and/or one or more wireless access points 22. Embodimentsof computing devices 12 and 14 are similar in construct and/orfunctionality with a difference being the computing devices 12 couple tothe network(s) 24 via a wired network card and the wirelesscommunication devices 14 coupled to the network(s) via a wirelessconnection. In an embodiment, a computing device can have both a wirednetwork card and a wireless network card such that it is both computingdevices 12 and 14.

A computing device 12 and/or 14 may be a portable computing deviceand/or a fixed computing device. A portable computing device may be asocial networking device, a gaming device, a cell phone, a smart phone,a digital assistant, a digital music player, a digital video player, alaptop computer, a handheld computer, a tablet, a video game controller,and/or any other portable device that includes a computing core. A fixedcomputing device may be a computer (PC), a computer server, a cableset-top box, a satellite receiver, a television set, a printer, a faxmachine, home entertainment equipment, a video game console, and/or anytype of home or office computing equipment. The computing devices 12 and14 will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more ofFIGS. 3-4 .

A server 16 is a special type of computing device that is optimized forprocessing large amounts of data requests in parallel. A server 16includes similar components to that of the computing devices 12 and/or14 with more robust processing modules, more main memory, and/or morehard drive memory (e.g., solid state, hard drives, etc.). Further, aserver 16 is typically accessed remotely; as such it does not generallyinclude user input devices and/or user output devices. In addition, anembodiment of a server is a standalone separate computing device and/ormay be a cloud computing device.

A database 18 is a special type of computing device that is optimizedfor large scale data storage and retrieval. A database 18 includessimilar components to that of the computing devices 12 and/or 14 withmore hard drive memory (e.g., solid state, hard drives, etc.) andpotentially with more processing modules and/or main memory. Further, adatabase 18 is typically accessed remotely; as such it does notgenerally include user input devices and/or user output devices. Inaddition, an embodiment of a database 18 is a standalone separatecomputing device and/or may be a cloud computing device.

The network(s) 24 includes one or more local area networks (LAN) and/orone or more wide area networks (WAN), which may be a public networkand/or a private network. A LAN may be a wireless-LAN (e.g., Wi-Fiaccess point, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.) and/or a wired LAN (e.g.,Firewire, Ethernet, etc.). A WAN may be a wired and/or wireless WAN. Forexample, a LAN is a personal home or business's wireless network and aWAN is the Internet, cellular telephone infrastructure, and/or satellitecommunication infrastructure.

The computing devices 12, the wireless communication devices 14, theserver 16, the database 18, the base station 20, and/or the wirelessaccess point 22 include one or more low voltage drive circuits (LVDC)for communicating data via a line of a bus (e.g., a bus includes one ormore lines, each line is a wired connection, a wire, a trace on a PCB,etc.). The data communication is between devices and/or is within adevice. For example, two computing devices communicate with each othervia their respective LVDCs. As another example, components within acomputing device have associated LVDCs and the components communicatedata via the LVDCs.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a datacommunication system 10 that includes the computing devices 12, theserver 16, and the database 18 coupled to one or more lines of a LAN bus28. Each device 12, 16, and 18 includes one or more LVDCs 26 forcommunicating data via the line of the LAN bus 28.

An LVDC 26 functions to convert transmit digital data from its hostdevice into an analog transmit signal. As an example, a host device is acomputing device, a server, or a database. As another example, a hostdevice is an interface of one the computing device, the server, or thedatabase. As yet another example, a host device is an integrated circuitof the computing device, the server, or the database. As a furtherexample, a host device is a die of an integrated circuit.

The LVDC 26 produces the analog transmit signal to have an oscillatingcomponent at a given frequency that represents the transmit digital dataand to have a very low magnitude. For example, the magnitude of theoscillating component is between five percent and 75 percent of the railto rail voltage (or current) of the LVDC (e.g., Vdd—Vss of the LVDC). Bykeeping the magnitude of the oscillating component very low with respectto the rail to rail voltage (or current), data is transmitted with verylow power and very good noise immunity. As a specific example, if thevoltage magnitude of the oscillating component is 25 mV (milli-volts)and the current is 0.1 mA (milli-amps), then the power is 2.5 μW(micro-watts).

The LVDC 26 also functions to convert an analog receive signal intoreceived digital data that is provided to its host. The analog receivesignal is an analog transmit signal from another LVDC of the same hostor a different host and is received from the same line of the bus aswhich the LVDC transmits its analog transmit signal. For an LVDC, theanalog receive signal is at the same frequency as its analog transmitsignal for half duplex communication and is at a different frequency forfull duplex communication.

An LVDC 26 is capable of communicating data with one or more other LVDCsusing a plurality of frequencies. Each frequency supports a conveyanceof data. For example, the transmit digital data can be divided up intodata streams, where each data stream is transmitted on a differentfrequency of the analog transmit signal. This increases the data rateper line of the bus with very little increase in power. One or moreother LVDCs can receive the multiple frequencies of the analog transmitsignal, recover the data streams, and recover the transmitted digitaldata.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a computingdevice 12 that includes a core control module 40, one or more processingmodules 42, one or more main memories 44 (e.g., volatile memory), cachememory 46, a video graphics processing module 48, a display 50, anInput-Output (I/O) and/or peripheral control module 52, one or moreinput LVDC modules 56, one or more output LVDC modules 58, one or morenetwork LVDC modules 60, one or more peripheral LVDC modules 34, and oneor more memory LVDC modules 62. A processing module 42 is described ingreater detail at the end of the detailed description of the inventionsection and, in an alternative embodiment, has a direct connection tothe main memory 44. In an alternate embodiment, the core control module40 and the I/O and/or peripheral control module 52 are one module, suchas a chipset, a quick path interconnect (QPI), and/or an ultra-pathinterconnect (UPI).

Each of the main memories 44 includes one or more Random Access Memory(RAM) integrated circuits, or chips. For example, a main memory 44includes four DDR4 (4^(th) generation of double data rate) RAM chips,each running at a rate of 2,400 MHz. In general, the main memory 44stores data and operational instructions most relevant for theprocessing module 42. For example, the core control module 40coordinates the transfer of data and/or operational instructions fromthe main memory 44 and the memory 64-66. The data and/or operationalinstructions retrieved from memory 64-66 are the data and/or operationalinstructions requested by the processing module or will most likely beneeded by the processing module. When the processing module is done withthe data and/or operational instructions in main memory, the corecontrol module 40 coordinates sending updated data to the memory 64-66for storage.

The memory 64-66 (i.e., non-volatile memory) includes one or more harddrives, one or more solid state memory chips, and/or one or more otherlarge capacity storage devices that, in comparison to cache memory andmain memory devices, is/are relatively inexpensive with respect to costper amount of data stored. The memory 64-66, which includes an LVDC, iscoupled to the core control module 40 via the I/O and/or peripheralcontrol module 52 and via one or more memory LVDC modules 62. In anembodiment, the I/O and/or peripheral control module 52 includes one ormore Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) buses to which peripheralcomponents connect to the core control module 40. A memory LVDC module62 includes a software driver and hardware as discussed in one or moresubsequent Figures.

The core control module 40 coordinates data communications between theprocessing module(s) 42 and the network(s) 24 via the I/O and/orperipheral control module 52, the network LVDC module(s) 60, and anetwork card 68 or 70. A network card 68 or 70 includes an LVDC and awired communication unit. A wired communication unit includes a GigabitLAN connection, a Firewire connection, and/or a proprietary computerwired connection. A network LVDC module 60 includes a software driverand hardware as discussed in one or more subsequent Figures.

The core control module 40 coordinates data communications between theprocessing module(s) 42 and the user input device(s) 72 via the inputLVDC module(s) 56 and the I/O and/or peripheral control module 52. Auser input device 72 includes an LVDC and further includes one or moreof a keypad, a keyboard, control switches, a touchpad, a microphone, acamera, etc. An input LVDC module 56 includes a software driver andhardware as discussed in one or more subsequent Figures.

The core control module 40 coordinates data communications between theprocessing module(s) 42 and the user output device(s) 74 via the outputLVDC module(s) 58 and the I/O and/or peripheral control module 52. Auser output device 74 includes an LVDC and a speaker, a tactileactuator, etc. An output LVDC module 58 includes a software driver andhardware as discussed in one or more subsequent Figures.

The core control module 40 coordinates data communications between theprocessing module(s) 42 and peripheral devices 36 and 38 via the I/Oand/or peripheral control module 52 and the peripheral LVDC module(s)34. A peripheral device 36 or 38 includes an external hard drive, aheadset, a speaker, a microphone, a thumb drive, a camera, etc. Aperipheral LVDC module 34 includes a software driver and hardware asdiscussed in one or more subsequent Figures.

The core control module 40 communicates directly with a video graphicsprocessing module 48 to display data on the display 50. The display 50includes an LED (light emitting diode) display, an LCD (liquid crystaldisplay), and/or other type of display technology. The display has aresolution, an aspect ratio, and other features that affect the qualityof the display. The video graphics processing module 48 receives datafrom the processing module 42, processes the data to produce rendereddata in accordance with the characteristics of the display, and providesthe rendered data to the display 50. While not shown, the computingdevice 12 further includes a BIOS (Basic Input Output System) memorycoupled to the core control module 40.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a wirelesscomputing device 14 that includes a core control module 40, one or moreprocessing modules 42, one or more main memories 44 (e.g., volatilememory), cache memory 46, a video graphics processing module 48, adisplay 50, an Input-Output (I/O) and/or peripheral control module 52,one or more input LVDC modules 56, one or more output LVDC modules 58,one or more wireless network LVDC modules 61, and one or more memoryLVDC modules 62. The common components of the wireless computing device14 and the computing device 12 function as discussed with reference toFIG. 3 . In this embodiment, communication with the network 24 is donewirelessly.

In particular, the core control module 40 coordinates datacommunications between the processing module(s) 42 and network(s) 24wirelessly via the I/O and/or peripheral control module 52, the wirelessnetwork LVDC module(s) 61, and a wireless network card 76 or 78. Awireless network card 76 or 78 includes an LVDC and a wirelesscommunication unit. A wireless communication unit includes a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) communication device, a cellular communicationdevice, a Bluetooth device, and/or a ZigBee communication device. Awireless network interface module 61 includes a software driver andhardware as discussed in one or more subsequent Figures.

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a computing coreof a computing device 12 or 14. The computing core includes the corecontrol module 40, the processing module(s) 42, the main memory 44, thevideo graphics processing module 48, and the IO and/or peripheralcontrol module 52. These components are generally implemented asintegrated circuits (ICs) and mounted on a mother board. The motherboard includes traces that form buses for data to be communicatedbetween the components.

In this embodiment, the data communication between components 40-52 isdone via Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs). Each component 40-52includes one or more LVDCs for communicating with one or more othercomponents. For example, the core control module 40 includes four LVDCs:A first LVDC for one-to-one communication with the processing module 42;a second LVDC for one-to-one communication with the main memory 44; athird LVDC for one-to-one communication with the video graphicsprocessing module 48; and a fourth LVDC for one-to-one communicationwith the IO and/or peripheral control module 52.

In this embodiment, the core control module 40 is coupled to theprocessing module 42 via a single trace for data communicationthere-between. The core control module 40 is also coupled, via a singletrace, to the main memory 44, the video graphics processing module 48,and to the IO and/or peripheral control module 52. Similarly, theprocessing module 42 is coupled to the main memory via a single trace.In this manner, the number of traces on the mother board issubstantially reduced in comparison to mother boards that useconventional data communication between the components. In addition, thepower to convey data is substantially reduced in the present embodimentin comparison to mother boards that use conventional data communication.

In an alternate embodiment, each of the core control module 40, theprocessing module(s) 42, the main memory 44, the video graphicsprocessing module 48, and the IO and/or peripheral control module 52includes one LVDC that is coupled to one or more lines of a bus. In anexample, the core control module 40 communicates with the processingmodule 42 using a first set of channels of a frequency band;communicates with main memory 44 using a second set of channels of thefrequency band; communicates with the video graphics processing module48 using a third set of channels of the frequency band; and communicateswith the IO and/or peripheral control module 52 using a fourth set ofchannels of the frequency band. As an example, the frequency band rangesfrom 1.000 GHz to 1.100 GHz with channels at frequencies every 10 MHz.As such, there are 11 channels: the first at 1.000 GHz, the second at1.010 GHz, and so on through the eleventh at 1.100 GHz. A specificchannel includes a sinusoidal signal at a particular frequency withinthe frequency band.

In another example of alternative embodiment, the channels are allocatedto the components on an as needed basis. For example, when the mainmemory has data to write to memory device(s) via the IO and/orperipheral control module 52, one or more channels are allocated forthis communication. When the data has been conveyed, the allocatedchannels are released for reallocation to another communication.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a peripheral LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) module 34 of a computing device 12 coupledto a peripheral device 36 via LVDCs 26. The LVDCs are coupled togethervia one or more lines of a bus 80. The devices communicate data in afull duplex mode per line using multiple channels or in a half-duplexmode per line using a single channel. For example, the LVDC ofperipheral LVDC module 34 uses channels 1-3 (e.g., frequencies 1-3 ofthe frequency band) to transmit data to the LVDC of the peripheraldevice 36. In addition, the LVDC of the peripheral device 36 useschannels 4-6 (e.g., frequencies 4-6 of the frequency band) to transmitdata to the LVDC of the peripheral LVDC module 34. The bus 80 includesone or more lines, where a line is metal trace on a printed circuitboard, a wire, or other form of electrical conductor. The number oflines per bus range from 1 to 2N, where N is an integer greater than orequal to 1.

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a datacommunication system that includes a plurality of devices 82-1 through82-6. Each of the devices includes a Low Voltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) 26coupled to one or more lines of a bus 80. The devices are one or moredevices from a list that includes a die of an integrated circuit (IC),an integrated circuit (IC), a printed circuit board with componentsmounted thereon, and a sub-system of a plurality of printed circuitboards.

The devices communicate with each other via their respective LVDCs andthe one or more lines of the bus. For each line of the bus, the LVDCsare assigned (e.g., permanently, on an as needed basis, etc.) channelsto transmit data to one or more other devices. An LVDC of a device istuned to the channel(s) of another device to receive the datatransmissions from the other device.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a datacommunication system that includes a plurality of devices 1-x. Each ofthe devices includes a Low Voltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) 26 coupled toone or more lines of a bus 80. The types of devices vary. For example,device 1 is an interface device that includes a limited amount ofadditional circuitry beyond the LVDC 26. In particular, device 1 doesnot include a processing module 86 or memory 84 (e.g., volatile ornon-volatile memory). Device 1 is coupled to the processing module 86 ofa next level higher component of a computing device. The processingmodule 86 coupled to device 1 is also coupled to memory 84.

Device 2 includes the LVDC and the processing module 86. The memory 84,however, is associated with the next higher component of the computingdevice. Device x includes the LVDC, the processing module 86, and thememory 84. As an example, the bus 84 is a backplane of server; device 1is an interface for a thumb drive; device 2 is a video graphics card,and device x is a mother board. Regardless of the specificimplementation of a device including an LVDC, a driver for the LVDC isstored in the memory 84.

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of examples of digital data formats.As known, digital data is a string of binary values. A binary value iseither a logic “1” or a logic “0”. One binary value corresponds to a bitof the digital data. How the bits are organized into data wordsestablishes the meaning for the data words. For example, AmericanStandard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) defines charactersusing 8-bits of data. For example, a capital “A” is represented as thebinary value of 0100 0001 and a lower case “a” is represented as thebinary value of 0110 0001.

A binary value can be expressed in a variety of forms. In a firstexample format, a logic “1” is expressed as a positive rail voltage forthe duration of a 1-bit clock interval and logic “0” is expressed as anegative rail voltage for the duration of the 1-bit clock interval; orvice versa. The positive rail voltage refers to a positive supplyvoltage (e.g., Vdd) that is provided to a digital circuit (e.g., acircuit that processes and/or communicates digital data as binaryvalues), the negative rail voltage refers to a negative supply voltageor ground (e.g., Vss) that is provided to the digital circuit, and thecommon mode voltage (e.g., Vcm) is half way between Vdd and Vss. The1-bit clock interval corresponds to the inverse of a 1-bit data rate.For example, if the 1-bit data rate is 1 Giga-bit per second (Gbps),then the 1-bit clock interval is 1 nano-second).

In a second example format, a logic “1” is expressed as a non-return tozero waveform that, for the first half of the 1-bit interval, is at thepositive rail voltage (Vdd) and for the second half of the 1-bitinterval is at the negative rail voltage (Vss). A logic “0” is expressedas a non-return to zero waveform that, for the first half of the 1-bitinterval, is at the negative rail voltage (Vss) and for the second halfof the 1-bit interval is at the positive rail voltage (Vdd).Alternatively, a logic “0” is expressed as a non-return to zero waveformthat, for the first half of the 1-bit interval, is at the positive railvoltage (Vdd) and for the second half of the 1-bit interval is at thenegative rail voltage (Vss). A logic “1” is expressed as a non-return tozero waveform that, for the first half of the 1-bit interval, is at thenegative rail voltage (Vss) and for the second half of the 1-bitinterval is at the positive rail voltage (Vdd).

In a third example format, a logic “1” is expressed as a return to zerowaveform that, for the first half of the 1-bit interval, is at thepositive rail voltage (Vdd) and for the second half of the 1-bitinterval is at the common mode voltage (Vcm). A logic “0” is expressedas a return to zero waveform that, for the first half of the 1-bitinterval, is at the negative rail voltage (Vss) and for the second halfof the 1-bit interval is at the common mode voltage (Vcm).Alternatively, a logic “0” is expressed as a return to zero waveformthat, for the first half of the 1-bit interval, is at the positive railvoltage (Vdd) and for the second half of the 1-bit interval is at thecommon mode voltage (Vcm). A logic “1” is expressed as a return to zerowaveform that, for the first half of the 1-bit interval, is at thenegative rail voltage (Vss) and for the second half of the 1-bitinterval is at the common mode voltage (Vcm).

With any of the digital data formats, a logic value needs to be within10% of a respective rail voltage to be considered in a steady databinary condition. For example, for format 1, a logic 1 is not assureduntil the voltage is at least 90% of the positive rail voltage (Vdd). Asanother example, for format 1, a logic 0 is not assured until thevoltage is at most 10% of the negative rail voltage (Vss).

FIG. 10 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of a Low Voltage DriveCircuit (LVDC) 26. In general, the LVDC 26 functions to convert transmit(TX) digital data 90 into an analog transmit signal 96 and to convert ananalog receive signal 98 into receive (RX) digital data 88. The LVDC 26receives the transmit digital data 90 from its host device and transmitsthe analog TX signal 96 to another LVDC coupled to the line of the bus80. The analog transmit signal 96 includes a DC component 92 and anoscillating component 94. The oscillating component 94 includes dataencoded into one or more channels of a frequency band and has a very lowmagnitude (e.g., 5% to 75% of the rail to rail voltage and/or currentpowering the LVDC and/or the host device). This allows for low powerhigh data rate communications in comparison to conventional low voltagesignaling protocols.

As an example, the transmit digital data is encoded into one channel, assuch the oscillating component includes one frequency: the onecorresponding to the channel. As another example, the transmit digitaldata is divided into x number of data streams. The LVDC encodes the xnumber of data streams on to x number of channels. Thus, the oscillatingcomponent 94 includes x number of frequencies corresponding to the xnumber of channels.

The LVDC 26 receives the analog receive signal 98 from another LVDC(e.g., the one it sent its analog TX signal to and/or another LVDCcoupled to the line of the bus 80). The analog receive signal 98includes a DC component 100 and a receive oscillating component 102. Thereceive oscillating component 102 includes data encoded into one or morechannels of a frequency band by the other LVDC and has a very lowmagnitude. The LVDC converts the analog receive signal 98 into thereceive digital data 88, which it provides to its host device.

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a Low VoltageDrive Circuit (LVDC) 26 coupled to a host device 104 and to one or morelines of a bus 80. The host device 104 includes a processing module 114and memory 112 (e.g., volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory). Thememory 112 stores at least part of an LVDC driver 116 application. TheLVDC 26 includes a drive sense circuit 106, a receive analog to digitalconverter (ADC) circuit 108, and a transmit digital to analog converter(DAC) circuit 110.

In an example of operation, the processing module 104 of the host device104 accesses the LVDC driver 116 to set up the LVDC 26 for operation.For example, the LVDC driver 116 includes operational instructions andparameters that enable the host device 104 to effectively use the LVDCfor data communications. For example, the parameters include two or moreof: one or more communication scheme parameters; one or more dataconveyance scheme parameters, one or more receive parameters, and one ormore transmit parameters. A communication scheme parameter is one of:independent communication (e.g., push data to other device withoutprompting from other device); dependent communication (e.g., push orpull data to or from other device with coordination between thedevices); one to one communication; one to many communication; many toone communication; many to many communication; half duplexcommunication; and full duplex communication.

A data conveyance scheme parameter is one of: a data rate per line; anumber of bits per data rate interval; data coding scheme per line andper number of bits per data rate interval; direct data communication;modulated data communication; power level of signaling per line of thebus; voltage/current level for a data coding scheme per line (e.g.,function of signal to noise ratio, power level, and data rate); numberof lines in the bus; and a number of lines of the bus to use.

A receive parameter includes one of: a digital data format for thereceived digital data; a packet format for the received digital data;analog to digital conversion scheme in accordance with parameter(s) ofthe communication scheme and of the data conveyance scheme oftransmitted data by other LVDCs; and digital filtering parameters (e.g.,bandwidth, slew rate, center frequency, digital filter coefficients,number of taps of digital filtering, stages of digital filtering, etc.).

A transmit parameter includes one of: a digital data format for thetransmit digital data; a packet format for the transmit digital data;and digital to analog conversion in accordance with parameter(s) of thecommunication scheme and of the data conveyance scheme.

Once the LVDC 26 is set up for a particular data communication, thetransmit DAC circuit 110 receives the transmit digital data 90 from itshost device 104 in one of the formats of FIG. 9 , or another format, andat a data rate of the host device (e.g., 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, etc.) Ifnecessary, the transmit DAC circuit 110 converts the format of thetransmit digital data 90 in accordance with one or more transmitparameters 132. In addition, the transmit DAC circuit 110 synchronizesthe transmit digital data with a bus data rate (e.g., the data rate atwhich data is transmitted via a line of the bus 80) to produce a digitalinput of n-bits per interval of the bus data rate, where “n” is aninteger greater than or equal to one.

The transmit DAC circuit 110 converts the digital input into analogoutbound data 134 via a range limited digital to analog converter (DAC)and a DC reference source. The drive sense circuit 106 converts theanalog outbound data 134 into the analog transmit signal 96 and drivesit on to a line of the bus 80.

The drive sense circuit 106 receives the analog receive signal 98 fromthe bus 80 and converts it into analog inbound data 124. The receive ADCcircuit 108 converts the analog inbound data 124 into digital inbounddata. The receive ADC circuit 108 filters the digital inbound data inaccordance with one or more receive parameters 126 to produce thefiltered data. The receive ADC circuit 108 formats and packetizes thefiltered data in accordance with one or more receive parameters 126 toproduce the received digital data 88. The receive ADC circuit 108provides the received digital data 88 to the host device 104.

FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a drive sensecircuit 106 of a Low Voltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) 26 coupled to one ormore lines of a bus 80. The line(s) of the bus are coupled to one ormore other LVDCs. The drive sense circuit 106 includes a changedetection circuit 150, a regulation circuit 152, and a power sourcecircuit 154.

The change detection circuit 150, the regulation circuit 152, and thepower source circuit 154 operate in concert to keep the inputs of thechange detection circuit 150 to substantially match (e.g., voltage tosubstantially match, current to substantially match, impedance tosubstantially match). The inputs to the change detection circuit 150include the analog outbound data 134 and the signals on the line(s) ofthe bus 80 (e.g., the analog RX signal 98 and the analog TX signal 96).

When there is no analog RX signal, the only signal on the bus is theanalog transmit signal 96. The analog transmit signal is created byadjusting the operation of the change detection circuit 150, theregulation circuit 152, and the power source circuit 154 to match theanalog outbound data 134. Since the analog transmit signal 96 tracks theanalog outbound data 134 within the drive sense circuit 106, when thereis no analog RX signal 158, the analog inbound data 124 is a DC value.

When an analog RX signal 98 is being received, the change detectioncircuit 150, the regulation circuit 152, and the power source circuit154 continue to operate in concert to keep the inputs of the changedetection circuit 150 to substantially match. With the presence of theanalog RX signal 98, the output of the change detection circuit 150 willvary based on the analog RX signal 98, which produces the analog inbounddata 124. The regulation circuit 152 converts the analog inbound data124 into a regulation signal 160. The power source circuit 154 adjuststhe generation of its output (e.g., a regulated voltage or a regulatedcurrent) based on the regulation signal 160 to keep the inputs of thechange detection circuit 150 substantially matching.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a drivesense circuit 106 of an LVDC 26 coupled to one or more lines of a bus80. The drive sense circuit 106 includes the change detection circuit150, the regulation circuit 152, the power source circuit 154, and adata input circuit 155. The change detection circuit 150, the regulationcircuit 152, and the power source circuit 154 function as discussed withreference to FIG. 14 to keep the inputs of the change detection circuit150 substantially matching. In this embodiment, however, the inputs tothe change detection circuit 150 are the signals on the bus (e.g., theanalog transmit signal 96 and the analog receive signal 98) and ananalog reference signal 163 (e.g., a DC voltage reference signal or DCcurrent reference signal). The analog outbound data 134 is inputted tothe data input circuit 155.

The data input circuit 155 creates the analog transmit signals 96 fromthe analog outbound data 134 and drives it on to the bus 80. In anexample, the data input circuit 155 changes the loading on the bus inaccordance with the analog inbound data 134 to produce the analogtransmit signal 96.

Since the analog transmit signal 156 is being created outside of thefeedback loop of the change detection circuit 150, the regulationcircuit 152, and the power source circuit 154, the analog inbound data124 will include a component corresponding to the analog receive signal98 and another component corresponding to the analog transmit signal 96.

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) 26 coupled to a host device 104 and to oneor more lines of a bus 80. The host device 104 includes a processingmodule 114 and memory 112 (e.g., volatile memory and/or non-volatilememory). The memory 112 stores at least part of an LVDC driver 116application. The LVDC 26 includes a drive sense circuit 106, a receiveanalog to digital converter (ADC) circuit 108, a transmit digital toanalog converter (DAC) circuit 110, a clock circuit 138, and acontroller 140. The drive sense circuit 106, the receive ADC circuit108, and the transmit DAC circuit 110 function as previously discussedwith reference to FIG. 11 .

In this embodiment, the processing module 114 of the host device 104accesses the LVDC driver 116 to determine control information 146 to setup the LVDC 26 for operation. The processing module provides the controlinformation 146 to the controller 140, which generates the receiveparameters 126, the transmit parameters 132, and clock control signals133 from the control information 146. In addition, the controller 140determines one or more communication scheme parameters and/or one ormore data conveyance scheme parameters based on the control information146.

In an embodiment, the controller 140 is a processing module withassociated memory. The memory (e.g., volatile and/or non-volatile)stores a plurality of look up tables: a first for the communicationparameters; a second for the data conveyance scheme parameters; a thirdfor the transmit parameters 132; a fourth for the receive parameters126; and a fifth for clock control parameters 133 (e.g., clock ratesettings, duty cycle settings, etc.).

The clock circuit 138 is operable to create one or more transmit clocksignals 184 and to create one or more receive clock signals 180 based onthe clock control parameters, or information, 133. For example, theclock circuit 138 generates a first receive clock signal for outputtingthe receive digital data 88 to the host device 104 and a second receiveclock for converting the analog inbound data 124 into digital inbounddata. As another example, the clock circuit 138 generates a firsttransmit clock for receiving the transmit digital data 90 from the hostdevice and a second transmit clock for converting the transmit digitaldata 90 into the analog outbound data 134.

FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) 26 coupled to a host device 104 and to oneor more lines of a bus 80. This embodiment of the LVDC 26 is similar tothat of FIG. 14 with the exception that this embodiment does not includethe controller 140. As such, the processing module 114 generates thereceive parameters 126, the clock control information 133, and thetransmit parameters 132. The processing module 114 also generates theone or more communication scheme parameters and the one or more dataconveyance scheme parameters.

FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a LowVoltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) 26 coupled to a host device 104 and to oneor more lines of a bus 80. The LVDC 26 includes a drive sense circuit106, a receive analog to digital circuit 108, a transmit digital toanalog circuit 110, and a clock circuit 138. The clock circuit 138includes a reference signal generator 168, a receive (RX) clock circuit166, and a transmit (TX) clock circuit 170. The reference signalgenerator 168 may be implemented in a variety of ways to produce areference clock signal 181. For example, the reference signal generator168 is a phase locked loop (PLL) with an input clock from the hostdevice or from a crystal oscillator. As another example, the referencesignal generator 168 is a digital frequency synthesizer. As yet anotherexample, the reference signal generator 168 is an oscillator.

The transmit clock circuit 170 includes one or more of: one or morefrequency dividers, one or more frequency multipliers, one or more phaseshift circuits, and one or more PLLs to generate transmit clock signals184 from the reference clock signal 181. For example, the host clocksignal 183 is a 2.000 GHz clock. The reference signal generator 168creates a reference clock signal 181 of 2.100 GHz from the host clocksignal. The transmit clock circuit 170 generates a 2.000 GHz clock usedby the transmit digital to analog circuit 110 to receive the transmitdigital data 90 from the host device 104 in sync with the host clocksignal 183. The transmit clock circuit 170 also generates a 2.010 GHzclock signal for a transmit channel having a 2.010 GHz frequency. Thetransmit digital to analog circuit 110 uses the 2.010 GHz clock signalto generate the analog outbound data 134 to be in sync with a bus clock.

The receive clock circuit 166 also includes one or more of: one or morefrequency dividers, one or more frequency multipliers, one or more phaseshift circuits, and one or more PLLs to generate receive clock signals180 from the reference clock signal 181. For example, the host clocksignal 183 is a 2.000 GHz clock. The reference signal generator 168creates a reference clock signal 181 of 2.100 GHz from the host clocksignal. The receive clock circuit 166 generates a 2.020 GHz clock signalfor a receive channel having a 2.020 GHz frequency. The receive analogto digital circuit 108 uses the 2.020 GHz clock signal to receive theanalog inbound data 124 in sync with the bus clock. The receive clockcircuit 166 also generates a 2.000 GHz clock used by the receive analogto digital circuit 108 to provide the received digital data 88 to thehost device 104 in sync with the host clock signal 183.

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a transmit sideof a first Low Voltage Drive Circuit (LVDC) coupled to a receive side ofa second LVDC via one or more lines of a bus 80. The transmit side ofthe LVDC #1 includes a data splitter 190, a plurality of channel buffers(i through i+y), a plurality of signal generators (i through i+y), asignal combiner 192, and a drive sense circuit 106. With reference toFIGS. 11, and 14-16 , the data splitter 190, the channel buffers (ithrough i+y), the signal generators (i through i+y), and the signalcombiner 192 are included in the transmit digital to analog circuit 110.

The receive side of LVDC #2 includes a drive sense circuit 106, aplurality of digital bandpass filter circuits (BPF i through i+y), aplurality of channel buffers (i through i+y), and a data combiner 194.With reference to FIGS. 11, and 14-16 , the digital bandpass filtercircuits (BPF i through I+y), the channel buffers (i through i+y), andthe data combiner 194 are included in the receive analog to digitalcircuit 108.

In an example, the data splitter 190 receives the transmit digital data90 and divides it into a plurality of data streams. A correspondingchannel buffer stores a data stream. For instance, channel buffer istores data stream i; channel buffer i+1 stores data stream i+1, and soon. The data streams are written into the channel buffers in accordancewith the host data rate. The data, however, is read out of the channelbuffers in accordance with transmit clock rates for each of the signalgenerators. The transmit clocks corresponds to the frequency of thechannel being used by a signal generator.

Each enabled signal generator uses a different channel to convert bitsof its respective data stream into respective portions of the analogoutbound data 134. For example, signal generator i uses channel 1, whichhas a first frequency (f1), signal generator i+1 uses channel 2, whichhas a second frequency (f2), and so on. Note that, one or more of thesignal generators is activated to convert the transmit digital data 90into the analog outbound data 134.

As a specific example, signal generator i converts n-bits of its datastream at a time into an analog signal component of the analog outbounddata 134, where n is an integer greater than or equal to one. For ann-bit sample of its data stream, the signal generator encodes the n-bitsample into a sinusoidal signal having a frequency at f1 using amplitudeshift keying (ASK) signal and/or a phase shift keying (PSK) signal.Signal generator i+1 functions similarly by encoding an n-bit sample ofits data stream into a sinusoidal signal having a frequency at f2 usingASK and/or PSK.

The drive sense circuit 106 of the first LVDC converts the analogoutbound data 134 into an analog transmit signal 96, which it transmitson to a line of the bus 80. The drive sense circuit 106 of the secondLVDC receives it as an analog receive signal 98 and converts it intoanalog inbound data 124. As such, without conversion, transmission, orreception errors, the analog inbound data 124 is substantially identicalto the analog outbound data 134.

Each digital bandpass filter (BPF) circuit includes an analog to digitalconverter and a digital bandpass filter. Each active digital BPF circuitreceives the analog inbound data 124. In addition, each active digitalBPF circuit is tuned for a different channel. For example, digital BPFcircuit i is tune for frequency 1, digital BPF circuit i+1 is tuned forfrequency 2, and so on. As such, digital BPF circuit i converts theanalog inbound data into digital inbound data, filters it, and outputsthe n-bit digital values corresponding to the data stream processed bysignal generator i. Similarly, digital BPF circuit i+1 converts theanalog inbound data into digital inbound data, filters it, and outputsthe n-bit digital values corresponding to the data stream processed bysignal generator i+1; and so on.

The channel buffers of the receive side of LVDC store the n-bit digitalvalues outputted by their respective digital BPF circuits. The datacombiner 194 retrieves data from the channel buffers and periodicallyoutputs the received digital data 88. For example, a block of data isinputted into the data splitter 190 in accordance with a data rate ofthe host device (host 1) coupled to the first LVDC. As a specificsimplified example, assume the data block includes 24-bits and isclocked into the data splitter serially over 24 intervals of a dataclock of host 1. Further assume that the 24-bits are divided into threedata streams, each 8-bits. As such, three paths will be activatedbetween the data splitter 190 of LVDC #1 and the data combiner 194 ofLVDC #2.

Each activated path operates independent of the other paths and atdifferent rates to process their respective data streams of the datablock. For example, the first path (e.g., signal generator i throughdigital BPF circuit i) operates in accordance with frequency f1, whichis at slightly higher frequency than that of the data rate of host 1;the second path (e.g., signal generator i+1 through digital BPF circuiti+1) operates in accordance with frequency f2, which is at slightlyhigher frequency than that of frequency f1; and the third path (e.g.,signal generator i+2 through digital BPF circuit i+2) operates inaccordance with frequency f3, which is at slightly higher frequency thanthat of frequency f2.

Continuing with the simplified example, further assume that the dataclock of host 1 is 1.000 GHz for a 125 Mega Byte per second (MBps) datarate, which corresponds to a 1 Gbps data rate; data is provided to thedata splitter a byte at a time; frequency f1 is at 1.010 GHz, frequencyf2 is at 1.020 GHz, and frequency f2 is at 1.030 GHz. There are avariety of ways the data splitter 190 can divide the data and put itinto the channel buffers. For example, the data splitter 190 uses abit-by-bit round robin distribution.

As data is put into the channel buffers on the transmit side, the signalgenerators begin to process them. In this example, a bit at a time.Since signal generator i+2 is operating at a rate that is faster thanthe other two signal generates, it will finish processing its 8-bitsslightly before the others. As such, digital BPF circuit i+2 will finishrecovering the 8-bits of data slightly before the other digital BPFcircuits. The timing difference is compensated for by the buffers oneach end such that, as 24-bits goes into the transmitting LVDC at therate of the first host device, the same 24-bits will come out of thereceiving LVDC at the rate of the host device of the second LVDC.

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of one-to-onecommunications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on a singleline of a bus 80. In this example, LVDC 1 and LVDC 2 are engaged in aone-to-one communication and LVDC 3 and LVDC 4 are engaged in aone-to-one communication on a common single line of the bus 80. Each ofthe LVDCs 1-4 are associated with its own host device, which waspreviously discussed with reference to one or more of FIGS. 2-8, 11, 14,and 15 .

To support the one-to-one communication between LVDC 1 and 2, LVDC 1 isallocation channel (f1) for its transmissions to LVDC 2 and LVCD 2 isallocated channel (f2) for its transmissions to LVDC 1. Similarly, tosupport the one-to-one communication between LVDC 3 and 4, LVDC 3 isallocation channel (f3) for its transmissions to LVDC 4 and LVCD 4 isallocated channel (f4) for its transmissions to LVDC 3.

As an example of operation, the transmit digital to analog circuit 110of LVDC 1 converts n-bit transmit (TX) data per data clock cycle of ahost device into analog outbound data and the drive sense circuit ofLVDC 1 converts the analog outbound data into an analog TX signal onchannel (f1). For example, the n-bit TX data is 1-bit data at a dataclock rate of 1 GHz, thus the data rate is 1 Giga-bit-per-second (Gbps).LVDC 1 encodes the 1-bit data at 1 Gbps into a sinusoidal signal (orother type of oscillating signal waveform such as a square wave,sawtooth, triangular, etc.) at frequency f1 to produce the analog TXsignal on channel f1. The 1-bit data may be encoded into the sinusoidalsignal in several ways. For example, the 1-bit data is directly encodedinto one or more cycles of the sinusoidal signal using amplitude shiftkeying (ASK) and/or phase shift keying (PSK). As another example, the1-bit data is converted into an analog signal that is up-converted by alocal oscillation having a frequency at f1 to produce the analog TXsignal.

The drive sense circuit 106 of LVDC 1 transmits the analog TX signal atf1 on the single line of the bus 80. Each of the other LVDCs 2-4 receivethe analog TX signal at f1 but only LVDC 2 is tuned to process theanalog TX signal at f1 as an analog RX signal at f1. In particular, thereceive analog to digital circuit 108 of LVDC 2 is tuned to processreceived signals on channel f1, which corresponds to the analog TXsignal at f1. The receive analog to digital circuit 108 of LVDC 3 istuned to process signals on channel f4 and the receive analog to digitalcircuit 108 of LVDC 4 is tuned to process signals on channel f3. Thereceive analog to digital circuit 108 of LVDC 2 converts the analog RXsignal at f1 into an n-bit of data per data clock interval of the hostdevice associated with LVDC 2.

Similarly, the transmit digital to analog circuit 110 of LVDC 2 convertsits n-bit transmit (TX) data input (e.g., n-bits of data per data clockcycle of its associated host device) into analog outbound data. Thedrive sense circuit of LVDC 2 converts the analog outbound data into ananalog TX signal on channel (f2) and transmits the resulting signal onto the line of the bus 80. Each of the other LVDCs 1, 3, and 4 receivethe analog TX signal at f2, but only LVCD 1 is tuned to process theanalog TX signal at f2 as an analog RX signal at f2 to produce n-bit RXof data per data clock cycle of its associated host device.

The one-to-one communication between LVCD 3 and 4 operates similarly tothe one-to-one communication between LVDC 1 and 2. The allocation ofchannel 1 to LVDC 1, channel 2 to LVDC 2, channel 3 to LVDC 3, andchannel 4 to LVDC 4 may be done in several ways. For example, a channelis allocated to an LVDC on a permanent basis (e.g., a channel isallocated to the LVDC regardless of whether its host device is enabledor not). As another example, a channel is allocated to an LVDC when itshost device has data to transmit. As yet another example, a channel isallocated to an LVDC while its host device is enabled.

FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of one-to-onecommunications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on multiplelines of a bus 80. In this example, the bus 80 includes “n” lines,wherein “n” is an integer greater than or equal to 2. As in the exampleof FIG. 18 , LVDCs 1 and 2 are engaged in a one-to-one communication andLVDCs 3 and 4 are engaged in a one-to-one communication. In thisexample, however, the LVCDs are transmitting and receiving data viamultiple lines of the bus, which increases the data rate conveyancebetween the LVDCs.

As an example of operation, LVCD 1 has n-bits of data per data clockcycle of its associated host device to transmit to LVDC 2. LVDC 1divides the n-bits of data into a number of streams of data, where thenumber corresponds to the number of lines of the bus being used fortransmitting the data. For example, assume 4 lines of the bus are beingused, where the bus includes 4 or more lines. As such, the n-bits ofdata per data clock cycle is divided into 4 x-bits of data per clockcycle, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Thus, if x=2,then n=8 such that 8-bits per data clock cycle is being transmitted.

In this specific example, LVDC 1 includes four digital to analogtransmit (DAC TX) circuits and four drive sense circuits. A first DAC TXcircuit processing the first x-bits of data, a second first DAC TXcircuit processing the second x-bits of data, a third DAC TX circuitprocessing the third x-bits of data, and a fourth DAC TX circuitprocessing the fourth x-bits of data. Each DAC TX circuit of LVDC 1produces analog outbound data. Each of the corresponding drive sensecircuits of LVDC 1 converts the respective analog outbound data intoanalog TX signal at f1, which is drives on to a respective one of thelines of the bus 80. In particular, the first drive sense circuit drivesthe first analog TX signal at f1 on to a first line of the bus, thesecond drive sense circuit drives the second analog TX signal at f1 onto a second line of the bus, the third drive sense circuit drives thethird analog TX signal at f1 on to a third line of the bus, and thefourth drive sense circuit drives the fourth analog TX signal at f1 onto a fourth line of the bus.

Continuing with this example, LVDC 2 includes four drive sense circuitsand four analog to digital receive (ADC RX) circuits. The first drivesense circuit receives, as a first analog RX signal at f1, the firstanalog TX signal at f1 from a first line of the bus, the second drivesense circuit receives, as a second analog RX signal at f1, the secondanalog TX signal at f1 from a second line of the bus, and so on. Each ofthe drive sense circuits also receives the corresponding analog TXsignal at f3 from LVDC 3 and the corresponding analog TX signal at f4from LVDC 4. Accordingly, each drive sense circuit converts the analogRX signals at f1, f3, and f4 into inbound analog data, which has aninbound analog data component from LVDC 1, an inbound analog datacomponent from LVDC 3, and an inbound analog data component from LVDC 4.

The corresponding ADC RX circuits of LVDC 2 are tuned to process theinbound analog data component from LVDC 1 and ignore the inbound analogdata components from LVDC 3 and 4. As such, each of the correspondingADC RX circuits of LVDC 2 converts its respective inbound analog datacomponent from LVDC 1 into x-bits of data per data clock cycle of thehost device associated with LVDC 2. In particular, the first ADC RXcircuit produces the first x-bits of data, the second ADC RX circuitproduces the second x-bits of data, the third ADC RX circuit producesthe third x-bits of data, and the fourth ADC RX circuit produces thefourth x-bits of data. The LVDC combines the four x-bits of data intothe n-bits of data from the first LVDC; which is done per data clockcycle of the host device associated with the second LVDC.

LVDC 2 communicates its n-bits of data per data clock cycle to LVDC 1 ina similar manner. The one-to-one communication between LVDC 3 and LVDC 4is performed in a similar manner as the one-to-one communication betweenLVDC 1 and LVDC 2, but using different channels.

FIGS. 20 and 21 are a logic diagram of an example of a method forallocating channels for a one-to-one communication between Low VoltageDrive Circuits (LVDCs) executed by one or more processing entities,where a processing entity includes one or more of: the host device, aprocessing module of a host device, memory storing a LVDC driver (e.g.,a set of operational instructions), a controller of an LVDC, and theLVDC. While executing the method, processing entity (or one or more ofits components) operate in a dominant LVDC state, a passive LVDC state,or a peer LVDC state.

For example, in the dominant LVDC state, the processing entity controlsthe exchange of information with one or more other processing entitiesto setup communications and the other processing entities take on apassive LVDC state. As a specific example, the dominant processingentity sends queries, instructions, and/or commands to passiveprocessing entities and the processing entities respond accordingly. Thedominant processing entity processes the responses to setup acommunication among the LVCDs associated with the processing entities,including channel allocation for the communication. The selection of adominant processing entity may be done in a variety of ways. Forexample, the dominant processing entity is default selected based on theidentity of the host device. As another example, the dominant processingentity is the one to first initiate a request for the communication. Asyet another example, the dominant processing entity is selected atrandom among the processing entities associated with the communication.

As another example, when the processing entities are in a peer LVDCstate, they share responsibilities for setting up a communicationbetween their LVDCs. As such, one processing entity determines a desirednumber of channels, another determines a data conveyance scheme, and soon.

The method begins at step 150 of FIG. 21 where a processing entityaffiliated with a first host device detects a request for a one-to-onecommunication with a second LVDC affiliated with a second host device.For example, a first host device determines that it desires to establisha communication with a second host device via the respective LVDCs. Inthis example, the first processing entity sends a communication requestto the second processing entity via a control channel regarding theone-to-one communication. In response to the request, the secondprocessing entity determines whether it, or one or more of itscomponents, are able to engage in a communication (e.g., is turned on,is not locked in another communication, is not damaged, is notprohibited from engaging in a communication with components of the firstprocessing entity, etc.). When the second processing entity determinesthat it can participate in the one-to-one communication with the firstprocessing entity, it sends a favorable communication response to thefirst processing entity via the control channel.

The control channel is a dedicated channel of the frequency band that isshared by all LVDCs coupled to one or more lines of a bus. The controlchannel is used primarily to convey configuration data and communicationsupport data and not for the data conveyance between host devices viatheir LVDCs. Accordingly, for this embodiment, the first and secondLVDCs are coupled to a bus, wherein data is to be conveyed on the bus byvarying loading on the bus at a frequency. For example, a first LVDCencodes data by varying a voltage, a current, and/or an impedance, at aparticular frequency, on the bus (e.g., a line of the bus). A secondLVDC detects the variances of the load on the bus at the particularfrequency to recover the data.

The method continues at step 152 where the first and/or secondprocessing entities determine a desired number of channels to supportthe one-to-one communication. For example, the processing entity(s)determines a data conveyance scheme and a communication scheme tosupport the communication. From the selected scheme options, theprocessing entity(s) determine a desired number of channels. The dataconveyance scheme is regarding formatting of data for the communication.For instance, the data conveyance scheme includes one or more elementsof:

-   -   a desired data rate for the communication (e.g., number of bits        per second);    -   a data rate per line of the bus (e.g., number of bits per second        per line);    -   desired number of lines of a bus to use for the communication;    -   desired number of channels per line;    -   data coding scheme per line (e.g., 1-bit encoded per data clock        interval, multiple bit encoding per data clock interval, and/or        a type of encoding (e.g., amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase        shift keying (PSK), frequency shift keying (FSK), a combination        thereof, etc.));    -   voltage and/or current level for data coding scheme per line        (e.g., determine DC component value, peak-to-peak value(s) for        oscillating component(s), etc.);    -   digital data format (e.g., conventional binary, return to zero,        non-return to zero, Manchester, etc.);    -   packet formatting (e.g., header content (e.g., one or more of        source identifier, destination identifier, training sequence,        packet information, start of packet indicator, etc.), data        fields, size of data fields, overall packet size, integrity        check, etc.); and    -   transmit power level per line.

The communication scheme is regarding the manner in which communicationis executed. For instance, the communication scheme includes one or moreelements of:

-   -   independent data communication (e.g., push the data to other        LVDC without prompting from the other LVDC);    -   dependent data communication (e.g., push or pull data to or from        other LVDC with prompting and/or coordinate with other LVDC);    -   half duplex communication;    -   full duplex communication;    -   permanent communication (e.g., dedicated channel allocation per        line(s) between LVDCs whether LVDCs and/or their host devices        are active or not);    -   semi-permanent communication (e.g., dedicated channel allocation        per line(s) between LVDCs when LVDCs and their host devices are        active); and    -   as needed communication (e.g., channels allocated to        communication up request for a communication and then        unallocated).

The method continues at step 154 where the processing entity(s)determine whether the desired number of channels is available for theone-to-one communication. For example, a processing entity accesses achannel allocation table to determine available channels per line on thebus. An example of a channel allocation table is further discussed withreference to FIGS. 22 and 23 .

The method continues at step 156 where the processing entity(s)determines whether the desired number of channels is greater than orequal to the available number of channels. When it is, the methodcontinues to step 158 where the processing entity(s) allocate thedesired number of channels to the communication from the availablechannels. In addition, the processing entity(s) update the channelallocation table to indicate the allocation of the desired number ofchannels to the communication. For a full duplex communication, a firstset of channels (e.g., one or more channels) are allocated to the firstprocessing entity and a second set of channels (e.g., one or morechannels) are allocated to the second processing entity.

When the desired number of channels is less than the available number ofchannels, the method continues at step 160 where the processing entitydetermines whether a parameter of the communication can be changed. Theparameter is from a list of parameters that includes one or more ofelements of the data conveyance scheme and one or more elements of thecommunication scheme. In another embodiment, the list of parametersfurther includes one or more elements of receive parameters and/or oneor more elements of transmit parameters.

The receive parameters include one or more elements of:

-   -   a receive clock rate (e.g., clock rate for digital filtering,        receive data buffer read clock rate, received data buffer write        clock rate, etc.);    -   digital filtering parameters (e.g., digital filtering clock        rate, number of taps per digital filter, digital filter        coefficients, etc.);    -   receive digital data format;    -   receive data packet format; and    -   bits per receive interval.

The transmit parameters include one or more elements of:

-   -   transmit clock rate (e.g., clock rate for transmit digital to        analog circuit, clock rate for signal generators, etc.);    -   transmit digital data format;    -   transmit data packet format;    -   signal magnitude(s) (e.g., value for DC component of analog        outbound data, peak to peak voltage of oscillating component of        analog outbound data, current level, etc.); and    -   transmit power level.

As an example of adjusting a parameter, the processing entity lowers thedata rate for the communication to reduce the desired number of channelsper line. As another example, the processing entity changes the bitencoding from 1-bit per data clock interval to 2-bit per data clockinterval. As another example, the processing entity creates a newchannel within the frequency band or outside of the frequency band. Whenthe parameter can be changed, the method continues at step 162 where theprocessing entity allocates the available channels (including any newlycreated channels) to the communication.

When a parameter cannot be changed, the method repeats at step 156.While in the loop of steps 156 and 160, the processing entity(s) canexecute the method of FIG. 21 to potential obtain more availablechannels. The method begins at step 170 where the processing entity(s)sends a request to another processing entity associated with anotherLVDC to release a channel or channels. In an embodiment, the request issent via a control channel, which is on at least one line of the bus towhich the other LVDCs are coupled.

The method branches at step 171 based on whether the other processingentity can release a channel, or channels. If not, the method continuesat step 176 where the processing entity determines whether to send therequest to release a channel to yet another processing entity associatedwith yet another LVDC. If not, the method continues at step 178, wherethe processing entity waits for channels to become available (e.g.,other communication ends, new channels are created, etc.). When achannel can be released, the method continues at step 174 where theother processing entity allocates the channel(s) to the one-to-onecommunication.

FIG. 22 is a logic diagram of an example of a method for utilizing achannel allocation table for communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs). The method begins at step 180 where the processingentity(s) accesses a channel allocation table. The channel allocationtable may be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, a channelallocation table includes the channel allocations for each line of abus. As another example, a separate channel allocation table exists foreach line on a bus as shown in FIG. 23 . As a further example, eachprocessing entity maintains its own copy of the channel allocationtable(s). As a still further example, the processing entities share aglobal version of the channel allocation table(s).

The channel allocation list 185 of FIG. 23 includes a plurality ofentries; one for each channel of a frequency band. Each entry includes achannel identifier field, a source ID field (identifier for transmittingLVDC), and one or more destination fields (identifier for one or morereceiving LVDCs). Each entry identifies whether the correspondingchannel is allocated or available (i.e., not allocated). When a channelis allocated, its entry further includes how the channel is allocatedand to which LDVC, or its host device.

For example, the channel allocation table 185 includes “n” entries for“n” channels in a frequency band. For example, in a frequency band from1 GHz to 2 GHz, channels are spaced every 100 MHz such that channel 1 isat 1.00 GHz, channel 2 is at 1.20 GHz, and so on to channel 11 at 2.00GHz. As another example, in the frequency band from 1 GHz to 2 GHz,channels are spaced at 10 MHz such that channel 1 is at 1.000 GHz,channel 2 is at 1.010 GHz, channel 3 is at 1.020 GHz and so on tochannel 101 at 2.000 GHz. Note that the spacing between channels effectsthe digital filtering performed in the receive analog to digitalconverter circuit. For instance, the wider the channel spacing, the lessnarrow the bandpass region needs to be, which reduces the number of tapsof a digital filter.

In this example, channel 1 is allocated as the control channel for theLVDCs coupled to a bus. Channel 2 is allocated for LVDC “AA”transmitting to LVCDs “BB” and “CC”. Channel 3 is allocated for LVDC“BB” transmitting to LVCDs “AA” and channel 4 is allocated for LVDC “CC”transmitting to LVCDs “AA”. The remaining channels 5-n are not allocatedand are thus available. The channel allocation table may further includea field for identifying a role of an LVDC in a communication. Forexample, an LVDC is a dominant LVDC, is a passive LVDC, or is a peerLVDC.

Returning to the method of FIG. 22 , the method continues at step 182where the processing entity(s) identify available channels per line fromthe channel allocation table 185. The method continues at step 184 wherethe processing entity(s) establishes a number of available channels andallocates available channels up to the desired number of channels for acommunication. The processing entity(s) update the channel allocationtable in accordance with the allocation of available channels to thecommunication.

The method continues at step 186 where the processing entity monitorsthe control channel for an allocation of a channel of the frequency bandto another communication and/or for release of a channel from anothercommunication. The method continues at step 188 where the processingentity(s) update the channel allocation list with the allocation of thechannel to the other communication or a release of a channel by anothercommunication.

FIG. 24 is a logic diagram of an example of a method for obtaining morechannels to support a communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits(LVDCs). The method begins at step 190 where the processing entity(s) ofthe one-to-one communication utilize the available number of channels,which is less than the desired number of channels for this example. Themethod continues at step 192 where the processing entity(s) monitor thecontrol channel for release of another channel.

The method continues at step 194 where the processing entity(s)determines whether a channel has been released. If not, the methodrepeats at step 190. When a channel is released, the method continues atstep 196 where the processing entity(s) allocated the other channel forthe one-to-one communication. The method continues at step 198 where theprocessing entity(s) determine whether, with the newly allocatedchannel, the number of allocated channels now equals the desired numberof channels. If not, the method repeats at step 190. When thecommunication is now supported by the desired number of channels, themethod continues at step 200 where the processing entity(s) readjuststhe parameter to an original setting.

FIG. 25 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of one-to-many andmany-to-one communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) ona single line of a bus 80. In this example, LVDC 1 is in communicationwith each of LVCDs 2, 3, and 4. For instance, LVDC 1 converts n-bits (1or more) of transmit (TX) data per data clock interval into an analog TXsignal at f1 and transmits it on channel f1 of a line the bus 80 to eachof LVDCs 2, 3, and 4. The receive section of each of LVDCs 2, 3, and 4are tuned to process the analog TX signal at f1 as an analog RX signalat f1 and recover the n-bits of TX data per data clock interval.

LVDC 2 converts n-bits of TX data destined for LVDC 1 into an analog TXsignal f2 and transmits it on channel f2 of a line of the bus 80.Similarly, LVDC 3 converts n-bits of TX data destined for LVDC 1 into ananalog TX signal f3 and transmits it on channel f3 of a line of the bus80 and LVDC 4 converts n-bits of TX data destined for LVDC 1 into ananalog TX signal f4 and transmits it on channel f4 of a line of the bus80.

All of the LVCDs receive the analog TX signals f2-f4 as analog RXsignals f2-f4 via the line of the bus 80, but only LVDC 1's receivesection is tuned to process the analog RX signals f2-f4. For instance,LVDC 1 recovers the n-bits of TX data per data clock cycle of LVDC 2from analog RX signal at f2; recovers the n-bits of TX data per dataclock cycle of LVDC 3 from analog RX signal at f3; and recovers then-bits of TX data per data clock cycle of LVDC 4 from analog RX signalat f4. In this embodiment, communication is generally set up as abroadcast from LVDC 1 to the other LVDCs and each of the other LVDCsindividually communication with LVDC 1 (e.g., respond to the broadcastcommunication).

FIG. 26 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a one-to-manycommunication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on multiplelines of a bus 80. In this example, the bus 80 includes “n” lines,wherein “n” is an integer greater than or equal to 2. As in the exampleof FIG. 25 , LVDC 1 is engaged in a one-to-many and many-to-onecommunication with LVDCs 2-4. In this example, however, the LVCDs aretransmitting and receiving data via multiple lines of the bus, whichincreases the data rate conveyance between the LVDCs.

For example, LVDC 1 converts n-bits of TX data per data clock intervalinto an analog TX signal at f1. LVDC 1 transmits the analog TX signal atf1 to LVDCs 2-4 via the lines of the bus. LVDC 1 transmits a firstx-bits of the n-bits of the TX data in a first analog TX signaltransmitted on a first line of the bus, transmits a second x-bits of then-bits of the TX data in a second analog TX signal transmitted on asecond line of the bus, and so on until the last x-bits are transmittedon the last line of bus being used. As an example, if “n” is 16 and “x”is 2, then there are eight lines of the bus being used.

The receive section of each of LVDCs 2-4 receive the first through lastx-bits analog TX signals from LVDC 1 as first through last x-bits analogRX signal at f1. The receive sections convert each of the first throughlast x-bits analog RX signals at f1 into first through last x-bits of RXdata from LVDC 1. The receive sections then combine the first throughlast x-bits of RX data from LVDC 1 to produce n-bits of RX data fromLVDC 1 per data clock interval.

Each of LVDCs 2-4 transmits sections converts n-bits of its TX data perdata clock interval to LVDC 1 into first through last x-bits of TX data.The transmit sections convert the first through last x-bits of TX datainto first through last x-bits analog TX signals at f2, f3, and f4,respectively. The transmit sections then transmit the first through lastx-bits analog TX signals at f2, f3, and f4, respectively, on the linesof the bus.

The receive section of LVDC 1 receives the first through last x-bitsanalog TX signals at f2, f3, and f4 from LVDCs 2-4 as first through lastx-bits analog RX signals at f2, f3, and f4. The receive section convertseach of the first through last x-bits of each of the analog RX signalsat f2, f3, and f4 into first through last x-bits of RX data from LVDCs,2-4. The receive section then combines the first through last x-bits ofRX data from LVDC 2 to produce n-bits of RX data from LVDC 2 per dataclock interval; combines the first through last x-bits of RX data fromLVDC 3 to produce n-bits of RX data from LVDC 3 per data clock interval,and combines the first through last x-bits of RX data from LVDC 4 toproduce n-bits of RX data from LVDC 4 per data clock interval.

As a specific example, LVDC 1 is affiliated with a data processing hostand LVDCs 2-4 are each affiliated with data collecting hosts. On aperiodic basis, the data processing host requests, via LVDC 1, that thedata collecting hosts send its recently collected data to the dataprocessing host. In response to the requests, each of the datacollecting hosts send their respective data, via LVDCs 2-4, to the dataprocessing host, via LVDC 1.

In each of the examples using multiple lines of a bus, each LVDCincludes a number of drive sense circuits, receive analog to digitalcircuits, and transmit digital to analog circuits that is equal to orgreater than the number of lines of the bus being used. For example, if8 lines of the bus are being used, then each LVDC coupled to the busincludes 8, or more, of each of the drive sense circuits, receive analogto digital circuits, and transmit digital to analog circuits.

FIG. 27 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aone-to-many and many-to-one communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) on a single line of a bus 80. In this example, LVDC 1is in communication with each of LVCDs 2, 3, and 4. For instance, LVDC 1converts n-bits (multiples of 3 bits) of transmit (TX) data per dataclock interval into an analog TX signal at f1 and transmits it onchannel f1 of a line the bus 80 to each of LVDCs 2, 3, and 4.

The receive section of each of LVDCs 2, 3, and 4 are tuned to processthe analog TX signal at f1 as an analog RX signal at f1 and recover then-bits of TX data per data clock interval. The receive section of LVDC 2outputs the first x-bits (e.g., ⅓ of the n-bits) from recovered n-bits;the receive section of LVDC 3 outputs the second x-bits (e.g., ⅓ of then-bits) from recovered n-bits; and the receive section of LVDC 4 outputsthe third x-bits (e.g., ⅓ of the n-bits) from recovered n-bits.

Communication from LVDCs 2-4 to LVDC 1 functions as discussed withreference to FIG. 25 . In this manner, LVDC 1 can communication separatemessages to each of the LVDCs 2-4 using a single channel on a line ofthe bus and each of the LVDCs 2-4 can provide separate responses totheir unique messages from LVDC 1.

FIG. 28 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aone-to-many and many-to-one communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) on a single line of a bus 80. In this example, LVDC 1is in communication with each of LVCDs 2, 3, and 4. For instance, LVDC 1converts three separate n-bits of transmit (TX) data per data clockinterval into three analog TX signals; one at f1, a second at f5, and athird at f6. LVDC 1 transmits the three analog TX signals on a line thebus 80 to each of LVDCs 2, 3, and 4.

The receive section of LVDC 2 is tuned to process the analog TX signalat f1 as an analog RX signal at f1 and recover the n-bits of TX data perdata clock interval. The receive section of LVDC 3 is tuned to processthe analog TX signal at f5 as an analog RX signal at f5 and recover then-bits of TX data per data clock interval. The receive section of LVDC 4is tuned to process the analog TX signal at f6 as an analog RX signal atf6 and recover the n-bits of TX data per data clock interval.

LVDC 2 converts n-bits of TX data destined for LVDC 1 into an analog TXsignal f2 and transmits it on a line of the bus 80. Similarly, LVDC 3converts n-bits of TX data destined for LVDC 1 into an analog TX signalf3 and transmits it on a line of the bus 80 and LVDC 4 converts n-bitsof TX data destined for LVDC 1 into an analog TX signal f4 and transmitsit a line of the bus 80.

The receive section of LVDC 1 recovers the n-bits of TX data per dataclock cycle of LVDC 2 from analog RX signal at f2; recovers the n-bitsof TX data per data clock cycle of LVDC 3 from analog RX signal at f3;and recovers the n-bits of TX data per data clock cycle of LVDC 4 fromanalog RX signal at f4. In this embodiment, LVDC 1 can communicationseparate messages to each of the LVDCs 2-4 using separate channels on aline of the bus and each of the LVDCs 2-4 can provide separate responseson other channels to their unique messages from LVDC 1.

FIG. 29 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aone-to-many and many-to-one communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) on multiple lines of a bus 80. In this example, the bus80 includes “n” lines, wherein “n” is an integer greater than or equalto 2. As in the example of FIG. 28 , LVDC 1 is engaged in a one-to-manyand many-to-one communication with LVDCs 2-4. In this example, however,the LVCDs are transmitting and receiving data via multiple lines of thebus, which increases the data rate conveyance between the LVDCs.

For example, LVDC 1 converts n-bits of TX data per data clock intervalinto an analog TX signal at f1 for LVDC 2; converts n-bits of TX dataper data clock interval into an analog TX signal at f5 for LVDC 3; andconverts n-bits of TX data per data clock interval into an analog TXsignal at f6 for LVDC 4. For each of the LVDCs 2-4, LVDC 1 transmits afirst x-bits of the n-bits of the TX data in a first analog TX signaltransmitted on a first line of the bus, transmits a second x-bits of then-bits of the TX data in a second analog TX signal transmitted on asecond line of the bus, and so on until the last x-bits are transmittedon the last line of bus being used.

The receive section of LVDC 2 receives the first through last x-bitsanalog TX signals at f1 from LVDC 1 as first through last x-bits analogRX signal at f1; the receive section of LVDC 3 receives the firstthrough last x-bits analog TX signals at f5 from LVDC 1 as first throughlast x-bits analog RX signal at f5; and the receive section of LVDC 4receives the first through last x-bits analog TX signals at f6 from LVDC1 as first through last x-bits analog RX signal at f6. Each of thereceive sections convert their respective first through last x-bits ofthe analog RX signals into first through last x-bits of RX data fromLVDC 1. Each of the receive sections then combine the first through lastx-bits of RX data from LVDC 1 to produce n-bits of RX data from LVDC 1per data clock interval.

The transmission of data from each of LVDCs 2-4 to LVCD 1 is similar tothe transmission discussed with reference to FIG. 26 . In thisembodiment, LVDC 1 can communication separate messages to each of theLVDCs 2-4 using separate channels on multiple lines of the bus and eachof the LVDCs 2-4 can provide separate responses on other channels on themultiple lines of the bus to their unique messages from LVDC 1.

FIG. 30 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manyone-to-many and many-to-one communications between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) on a single line of a bus 80. In this example, LVDC 1is in a one-to-many and many-to-one communication with LVDCs 2-4; LVDC 2is in a one-to-many and many-to-one communication with LVDCs 1, 3, 4;LVDC 3 is in a one-to-many and many-to-one communication with LVDCs 1,2, 4; and LVDC 4 is in a one-to-many and many-to-one communication withLVDCs 1-3. A one-to-many and many-to-one communication operates aspreviously discussed.

The channels are allocated to support the many communications. Forexample, LVDC 1 transmits data to LVDC 2 on channel 1, transmits data toLVDC 3 on channel 5, and transmit data to LVDC 4 on channel 6. LVDC 1receives data from LVDC 2 on channel 2, receives data from LVDC 3 onchannel 3, and receives data from LVDC 4 on channel 4. As anotherexample, LVDC 2 transmits data to LVDC 1 on channel 2, transmits data toLVDC 3 on channel 7, and transmit data to LVDC 4 on channel 8. LVDC 2receives data from LVDC 1 on channel 2, receives data from LVDC 3 onchannel 9, and receives data from LVDC 4 on channel 11. As yet anotherexample, LVDC 3 transmits data to LVDC 1 on channel 3, transmits data toLVDC 2 on channel 9, and transmit data to LVDC 4 on channel 10. LVDC 3receives data from LVDC 1 on channel 5, receives data from LVDC 2 onchannel 7, and receives data from LVDC 4 on channel 12. As a furtherexample, LVDC 4 transmits data to LVDC 1 on channel 4, transmits data toLVDC 2 on channel 11, and transmit data to LVDC 3 on channel 12. LVDC 4receives data from LVDC 1 on channel 6, receives data from LVDC 2 onchannel 8, and receives data from LVDC 3 on channel 10.

FIG. 31 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manyone-to-many and many-to-one communications between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) on multiple lines of a bus 80. In this example, the bus80 includes “n” lines, wherein “n” is an integer greater than or equalto 2. As in the example of FIG. 30 , the LVDCs are engaged in manyone-to-many and many-to-one communications. In this example, however,the LVCDs are transmitting and receiving data via multiple lines of thebus, which increases the data rate conveyance between the LVDCs.

FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manybroadcast communications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) on asingle line of a bus 80. In this example, LVDC 1 is in a broadcastcommunication with LVDCs 2-4; LVDC 2 is in a broadcast communicationwith LVDCs 1, 3, 4; LVDC 3 is in a broadcast communication with LVDCs 1,2, 4; and LVDC 4 is in a broadcast communication with LVDCs 1-3. Abroadcast communication is sending by one LVDC to many other LVDCs andnot receiving a direct response. For example, a software update can bedone using a broadcast communication. As another example, streamingvideo can be done using a broadcast communication.

The channels are allocated to support the broadcast communications. Forexample, LVDC 1 transmits data to LVDCs 2-4 on channel 1, LVDC 2transmits data to LVDCs 1, 3, 4 on channel 2, LVDC 3 transmits data toLVDCs 1, 2, 4 on channel 3, and LVDC 4 transmits data to LVDCs 1, 2, 3on channel 4.

FIG. 33 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of manybroadcast communications between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs) onmultiple lines of a bus 80. In this example, the bus 80 includes “n”lines, wherein “n” is an integer greater than or equal to 2. As in theexample of FIG. 32 , the LVDCs are engaged in many broadcastcommunications. In this example, however, the LVCDs are transmittingdata via multiple lines of the bus, which increases the data rateconveyance between the LVDCs.

FIG. 34 is a logic diagram of another example of a method allocatingchannels for a communication between Low Voltage Drive Circuits (LVDCs)executed by one or more processing entities, where a processing entityincludes one or more of: the host device, a processing module of a hostdevice, memory storing a LVDC driver (e.g., a set of operationalinstructions), a controller of an LVDC, and the LVDC. While executingthe method, processing entity (or one or more of its components) operatein a dominant LVDC state, a passive LVDC state, or a peer LVDC state.

The method begins at step 210 where the processing entity determines aninitial data conveyance scheme and an initial communication scheme foreach communication of a plurality of communications on a line, or lines,of a bus. As such, the processing entity is determining a plurality ofinitial data conveyance schemes and a plurality of initial communicationschemes. As previously discussed, data is conveyed within acommunication by varying loading on the bus at a channel in accordancewith a corresponding data conveyance scheme and a correspondingcommunication scheme.

As part of step 210, the processing entity determines a number ofcommunications to be supported. This may be done in a variety of ways.For example, a dominant LVDC sends a communication setup request to theprocessing entity via a control channel. The setup request includes oneor more of: the identity of the LVDCs that are to participate in thecommunication, the type of communication (e.g., one to one, one to many,broadcast, continuous, sporadic, etc.), a desired data rate (which maybe for all of the LVDCs involved, for each LVDC, or a combinationthereof), identify the associated host devices, type of data (e.g.,streaming data, etc.), priority of the data, etc. The processing entityreceives the communication setup requests to determine a number ofcommunications. In an embodiment, this occurs at startup of a system. Inanother embodiment, this is done as LVDCs are activated to, and/ordeactivated from, communicating on the bus.

As another example, the processing entity accesses a lookup table forthe LVDCs to determine the number of communications and thecommunications' setup requests. This typically occurs at start, but canalso occur as LVDCs are activated to, and/or deactivated from,communicating on the bus.

Based on the number of communications and their setup requests, theprocessing entity determines the initial data conveyance scheme and theinitial communication scheme for each communication. This may be done ina variety of ways. For example, the processing entity accesses a lookuptable based on the communication setup requests to identify the initialdata conveyance scheme and the initial communication scheme. As anotherexample, the processing entity calculates the initial data conveyancescheme and the initial communication scheme based on the communicationsetup requests for each communication.

The method continues at step 212, where the processing entity determinesa desired number of channels for each communication based on its initialdata conveyance scheme and its initial communication scheme. Theprocessing entity executes steps 210 and 212 in a loop fashion for eachcommunication to be supported by a line, or lines, of the bus. At step214, the processing entity determines whether there are morecommunications to setup. If yes, the method repeats at step 210.

If not, the method continues at step 216 where the processing entitydetermines a total desired number of channels for all of thecommunications based on the desired number of channels for eachcommunication. The method continues at step 218 where the processingentity determines whether the total desired number of channels exceeds atotal number of available channels. If not, the method continues at step220 where the processing entity maps out channel allocation to thechannels. The method continues to step 222 where the processing entityallocates channels to the communications in accordance with the mapping.The method continues at step 224 where the processing entity and/or theLVDCs initiate communications in accordance with their respective dataconveyance scheme and communication scheme.

If, at step 218, the desired number of channels is less than theavailable number of channels, the method continues at step 226 where theprocessing entity selects a particular communication of thecommunications. This can be done at random, based on priority of databeing conveyed, based on identity of host devices, etc. The methodcontinues at step 228 where the processing entity adjusts the initialdata conveyance scheme and/or the initial communication scheme of theparticular communication to reduce a desired number of channels for theparticular communication. For example, the processing entity determinesto change an element of the data conveyance scheme and/or an element ofthe communication scheme. Refer to the discussion of FIGS. 20 and 21 fora listing of the data conveyance scheme elements and of thecommunication scheme elements. The method then repeats at step 216.

If, after exhausting, adjusting elements of the schemes for selectedcommunications, the processing entity determines a time-division channelmapping (e.g., communications use the same channels, but at differenttimes) for the communications. The processing entity then allocates theavailable channels to the communications in accordance with thetime-division channel mapping. The communications are then initiated inaccordance with the time-division channel mapping, the data conveyanceschemes, and the communication schemes.

FIG. 35 is a logic diagram of another example of a method allocatingchannels for a one-to-one communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) executed by LVDCs. While executing the method, an LVDCoperates in a dominant LVDC state, a passive LVDC state, or a peer LVDCstate. The method begins at step 230 where a first LVDC obtains datacommunication capabilities of its host device (i.e., the host device towhich the first LVDC is affiliated). The obtaining of the datacommunication capabilities may be done in a variety of ways. Forexample, a controller of the LVDC accesses a lookup table to determinethe host's data communication capabilities. As another example, the LVDCcommunicates with its host device to obtain the data communicationcapabilities.

The data communication capabilities include two or more of:

-   -   usable data rates;    -   double data rate;    -   clock rate;    -   bits per interval of data rate (or data per clock rate        interval);    -   full or duplex communication;    -   digital data format;    -   digital data packet format;    -   independent data transmit;    -   independent data receive;    -   dependent data transmit; and    -   dependent data receive.

The method continues at step 232 where a second LVDC obtains datacommunication capabilities of its host device. The method continues atstep 234 where the first and second LVDCs reconcile the datacommunication capabilities of the first host device and the datacommunication capabilities of the second host device to producereconciled data communication capabilities. For example, if the datacommunication capabilities of both hosts match, then they arereconciled. As another example, if the data communication capabilitiesof the hosts don't match, then a parameter of one of the datacommunication capabilities of one of the hosts is adjusted. As aspecific example, if one host has a data rate of 1 Giga-bit-per-second(Gbps) and the other host has a data rate of 2 Gbps, then the othershosts data rate would be lowered to 1 Gbps to reconcile the datacommunication capabilities.

The method continues to step 236 where the first and/or the second LVDCdetermine a data conveyance scheme for a one-to-one communicationbetween the first and second LVDC based on the reconciled datacommunication capabilities. The data conveyance scheme was discussedwith reference to FIGS. 20 and 21 . The method continues at step 238where the first and/or the second LVDC determine a communication schemefor the one-to-one communication between the first and second LVDC basedon the reconciled data communication capabilities. The communicationscheme was discussed with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21 .

FIG. 36 is a logic diagram of another example of a method allocatingchannels for a one-to-one communication between Low Voltage DriveCircuits (LVDCs) executed by LVDCs. While executing the method, an LVDCoperates in a dominant LVDC state, a passive LVDC state, or a peer LVDCstate. The method begins at step 240 where LVDCs obtain datacommunication capabilities from their respective host devices. Thisproduces produce a plurality of data communication capabilities. Theobtaining of data communication capabilities was discussed withreference to FIG. 35 .

The method continues at step 242 where first and second LVDCs of theLVDCs reconcile data communication capabilities of first and second hostdevices of the host devices to produce first reconciled datacommunication capabilities. The reconciling of data communicationcapabilities was discussed with reference to FIG. 35 .

The method continues at step 244 where first LVDC and third LVDCs of theLVDCs reconcile the data communication capabilities of the first hostdevice and data communication capabilities of a third host device toproduce second reconciled data communication capabilities. The methodcontinues at step 246 where the first, second, and/or third LVDCdetermine a common data communication capabilities based on the firstand second reconciled data communication capabilities. This can be donein a similar manner as when the data communication capabilities werereconciled.

The method continues at step 248 where the first, second, and/or thirdLVDC determine a data conveyance scheme for a multiple partycommunication between the first, second, and third LVDCs based on thecommon data communication capabilities. The method continues at step 250where the first, second, and/or third LVDC determine a communicationscheme for the multiple party communication based on the common datacommunication capabilities.

It is noted that terminologies as may be used herein such as bit stream,stream, signal sequence, etc. (or their equivalents) have been usedinterchangeably to describe digital information whose contentcorresponds to any of a number of desired types (e.g., data, video,speech, text, graphics, audio, etc. any of which may generally bereferred to as ‘data’).

As may be used herein, the terms “substantially” and “approximately”provide an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/orrelativity between items. For some industries, an industry-acceptedtolerance is less than one percent and, for other industries, theindustry-accepted tolerance is 10 percent or more. Other examples ofindustry-accepted tolerance range from less than one percent to fiftypercent. Industry-accepted tolerances correspond to, but are not limitedto, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperaturevariations, rise and fall times, thermal noise, dimensions, signalingerrors, dropped packets, temperatures, pressures, material compositions,and/or performance metrics. Within an industry, tolerance variances ofaccepted tolerances may be more or less than a percentage level (e.g.,dimension tolerance of less than +/−1%). Some relativity between itemsmay range from a difference of less than a percentage level to a fewpercent. Other relativity between items may range from a difference of afew percent to magnitude of differences.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “configured to”, “operablycoupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct couplingbetween items and/or indirect coupling between items via an interveningitem (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, anelement, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for an example of indirectcoupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of asignal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or powerlevel. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (i.e., where oneelement is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct andindirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”.

As may even further be used herein, the term “configured to”, “operableto”, “coupled to”, or “operably coupled to” indicates that an itemincludes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., toperform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and mayfurther include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As maystill further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includesdirect and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item beingembedded within another item.

As may be used herein, the term “compares favorably”, indicates that acomparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desiredrelationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that signal1 has a greater magnitude than signal 2, a favorable comparison may beachieved when the magnitude of signal 1 is greater than that of signal 2or when the magnitude of signal 2 is less than that of signal 1. As maybe used herein, the term “compares unfavorably”, indicates that acomparison between two or more items, signals, etc., fails to providethe desired relationship.

As may be used herein, one or more claims may include, in a specificform of this generic form, the phrase “at least one of a, b, and c” orof this generic form “at least one of a, b, or c”, with more or lesselements than “a”, “b”, and “c”. In either phrasing, the phrases are tobe interpreted identically. In particular, “at least one of a, b, and c”is equivalent to “at least one of a, b, or c” and shall mean a, b,and/or c. As an example, it means: “a” only, “b” only, “c” only, “a” and“b”, “a” and “c”, “b” and “c”, and/or “a”, “b”, and “c”.

As may also be used herein, the terms “processing module”, “processingcircuit”, “processor”, “processing circuitry”, and/or “processing unit”may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller,digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, fieldprogrammable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logiccircuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device thatmanipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of thecircuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module,module, processing circuit, processing circuitry, and/or processing unitmay be, or further include, memory and/or an integrated memory element,which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices,and/or embedded circuitry of another processing module, module,processing circuit, processing circuitry, and/or processing unit. Such amemory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flashmemory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.Note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit,processing circuitry, and/or processing unit includes more than oneprocessing device, the processing devices may be centrally located(e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless busstructure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing viaindirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network).Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit,processing circuitry and/or processing unit implements one or more ofits functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry,and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing thecorresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, orexternal to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analogcircuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further notethat, the memory element may store, and the processing module, module,processing circuit, processing circuitry and/or processing unitexecutes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to atleast some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more ofthe Figures. Such a memory device or memory element can be included inan article of manufacture.

One or more embodiments have been described above with the aid of methodsteps illustrating the performance of specified functions andrelationships thereof. The boundaries and sequence of these functionalbuilding blocks and method steps have been arbitrarily defined hereinfor convenience of description. Alternate boundaries and sequences canbe defined so long as the specified functions and relationships areappropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries or sequences arethus within the scope and spirit of the claims. Further, the boundariesof these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined forconvenience of description. Alternate boundaries could be defined aslong as the certain significant functions are appropriately performed.Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also have been arbitrarily definedherein to illustrate certain significant functionality.

To the extent used, the flow diagram block boundaries and sequence couldhave been defined otherwise and still perform the certain significantfunctionality. Such alternate definitions of both functional buildingblocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus within the scopeand spirit of the claims. One of average skill in the art will alsorecognize that the functional building blocks, and other illustrativeblocks, modules and components herein, can be implemented as illustratedor by discrete components, application specific integrated circuits,processors executing appropriate software and the like or anycombination thereof.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with one or more other routines. In addition, a flow diagrammay include an “end” and/or “continue” indication. The “end” and/or“continue” indications reflect that the steps presented can end asdescribed and shown or optionally be incorporated in or otherwise usedin conjunction with one or more other routines. In this context, “start”indicates the beginning of the first step presented and may be precededby other activities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue”indication reflects that the steps presented may be performed multipletimes and/or may be succeeded by other activities not specificallyshown. Further, while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering ofsteps, other orderings are likewise possible provided that theprinciples of causality are maintained.

The one or more embodiments are used herein to illustrate one or moreaspects, one or more features, one or more concepts, and/or one or moreexamples. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article ofmanufacture, a machine, and/or of a process may include one or more ofthe aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with referenceto one or more of the embodiments discussed herein. Further, from figureto figure, the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly namedfunctions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or differentreference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. maybe the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or differentones.

While the transistors in the above described figure(s) is/are shown asfield effect transistors (FETs), as one of ordinary skill in the artwill appreciate, the transistors may be implemented using any type oftransistor structure including, but not limited to, bipolar, metal oxidesemiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), N-well transistors,P-well transistors, enhancement mode, depletion mode, and zero voltagethreshold (VT) transistors.

Unless specifically stated to the contra, signals to, from, and/orbetween elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein maybe analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-endedor differential. For instance, if a signal path is shown as asingle-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path.Similarly, if a signal path is shown as a differential path, it alsorepresents a single-ended signal path. While one or more particulararchitectures are described herein, other architectures can likewise beimplemented that use one or more data buses not expressly shown, directconnectivity between elements, and/or indirect coupling between otherelements as recognized by one of average skill in the art.

The term “module” is used in the description of one or more of theembodiments. A module implements one or more functions via a device suchas a processor or other processing device or other hardware that mayinclude or operate in association with a memory that stores operationalinstructions. A module may operate independently and/or in conjunctionwith software and/or firmware. As also used herein, a module may containone or more sub-modules, each of which may be one or more modules.

As may further be used herein, a computer readable memory includes oneor more memory elements. A memory element may be a separate memorydevice, multiple memory devices, or a set of memory locations within amemory device. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, randomaccess memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory,dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device thatstores digital information. The memory device may be in a form asolid-state memory, a hard drive memory, cloud memory, thumb drive,server memory, computing device memory, and/or other physical medium forstoring digital information.

While particular combinations of various functions and features of theone or more embodiments have been expressly described herein, othercombinations of these features and functions are likewise possible. Thepresent disclosure is not limited by the particular examples disclosedherein and expressly incorporates these other combinations.

What is claimed is:
 1. A communication system comprises: three lowvoltage drive circuits operable for coupling to a wired bus, wherein alow voltage drive circuit of the three low voltage drive circuitsincludes: a transmit section operably coupled to convert transmitdigital data into an analog transmit signal that includes one or moretransmit frequency components; a receive section operably coupled toconvert an analog receive signal that includes one or more receivefrequency components into received digital data; and a drive sensecircuit for coupling to the wired bus, wherein the drive sense circuitis operably coupled to transmit the analog transmit signal onto thewired bus and to receive the analog receive signal from the wired bus;and after the three low voltage drive circuits are operably coupled tothe wired bus, each of the three voltage drive circuits is configuredfor communication among the three low voltage drive circuits, forone-to-one communication, for one-to-many communication, and formany-to-one communication.
 2. The communication system of claim 1further comprises: a first low voltage drive circuit of the three lowvoltage drive circuit is allocated: a first transmit frequency componentfor transmitting to a second low voltage drive circuit of the three lowvoltage drive circuit; and a second transmit frequency component fortransmitting to a third low voltage drive circuit of the three lowvoltage drive circuit; the second low voltage drive circuit isallocated: a third transmit frequency component for transmitting to thefirst low voltage drive circuit; and a fourth transmit frequencycomponent for transmitting to the third low voltage drive circuit; andthe third low voltage drive circuit is allocated: a fifth transmitfrequency component for transmitting to the first low voltage drivecircuit; and a sixth transmit frequency component for transmitting tothe second low voltage drive circuit.
 3. The communication system ofclaim 2 further comprises: a controller operably coupled to allocate thefirst through sixth transmit frequency components to the first, second,and third low voltage drive circuits.
 4. The communication system ofclaim 2 further comprises: the transmit section of the first low voltagedrive circuit receives the allocation of the first and second frequencycomponents from a processing module of a host device; the receivesection of the first low voltage drive circuit receives, from theprocessing module: the allocation of the third and fourth transmitfrequency components to the second low voltage drive circuit as thirdand fourth receive frequency components; and the allocation of the fifthand sixth transmit frequency components to the third low voltage drivecircuit as fifth and sixth receive frequency components.
 5. Thecommunication system of claim 2 further comprises: for the one-to-onecommunication: the first low voltage drive circuit transmits at least aportion of first transmit data to the second low voltage drive circuitvia the wired bus using the first transmit frequency component; and thesecond low voltage drive circuit transmits at least a portion of secondtransmit data to the first low voltage drive circuit via the wired bususing the third transmit frequency component.
 6. The communicationsystem of claim 2 further comprises: for the one-to-many communication:the first low voltage drive circuit transmits: at least a portion offirst transmit data to the second low voltage drive circuit via thewired bus using the first transmit frequency component; and the at leasta portion of the first transmit data to the third low voltage drivecircuit via the wired bus using the second transmit frequency component;the second low voltage drive circuit transmits at least a portion ofsecond transmit data to the first low voltage drive circuit via thewired bus using the third transmit frequency component; and the thirdlow voltage drive circuit transmits at least a portion of third transmitdata to the first low voltage drive circuit via the wired bus using thefifth transmit frequency component.
 7. The communication system of claim2 further comprises: for the many-to-one communication: the second lowvoltage drive circuit transmits at least a portion of second transmitdata to the first low voltage drive circuit via the wired bus using thethird transmit frequency component; the third low voltage drive circuittransmits at least a portion of third transmit data to the first lowvoltage drive circuit via the wired bus using the fifth transmitfrequency component; and the first low voltage drive circuit transmits:a first portion of first transmit data to the second low voltage drivecircuit via the wired bus using the first transmit frequency component;and a second portion of the first transmit data to the third low voltagedrive circuit via the wired bus using the second transmit frequencycomponent.
 8. The communication system of claim 1 further comprises: thetransmit section operably coupled to convert the transmit digital datainto an analog transmit signal that includes one or more transmitfrequency components and into a second analog transmit signal thatincludes the one or more transmit frequency components; the drive sensecircuit drives: the analog transmit signal onto a first line of thewired bus; and the second analog transmit signal onto a second line ofthe wired bus.